This is a set of factor stencils, designed by D.N. Lehmer.
To factor a large number, you use a formula which tells you which stencils to gather and line up together. The holes that go all the way through indicate the prime factors of your number.
Here's a short video I made about the factor stencils.
This is part of my series of videos about antique computing devices. Here is the full series playlist
In the video I skipped over some details. This little PDF explains everything.
Here is a PDF of the stencils for R values -50 to 50 which are meant to be printed on 8½ x 11 paper and punched with a standard 6mm or 1/4 inch hole punch.
All these images were generated by python code here: